Synopsis: As more and more speakers acquire the capacity to express their thoughts in Hawaiian, it is important to avoid calquing the English. With a little effort, we can find ways to indicate new ideas without being completely guided by English ways of thinking.
Aloha mai nö käkou e nä hoa æimi hua no ka æölelo Hawaiæi. Eia nö käkou ke hoæäæo nei e hoæopohala mai i ko käkou æölelo makuahine, ka mea nona ke ahi i æane kinai loa æia ma muli o kona hoæokae æia e ka hoæokolonaio. Ua æane make loa nö hoæi a he käkaæikahi wale nö ka poæe i koe i hiki ke kamaæilio ma ona lä. He nui nä makahiki o ke emi æana o ia æölelo, a käkaæikahi wale kona lohe æia. æO nä hanauna e koe nei, ua hoæokaæawale æia mai ia æike aku, a æo kekahi, æaæohe wahi paæa iki o ko läkou æölelo makuahine. A i ka hala æana o nä makahiki, he nui hewahewa nä mea hou o ka æäina, a æaæohe o läkou hua Hawaiæi e akäka ai. Aia wale nö ko läkou hoæäkäka æia a puka mai nä hua haole. Pehea lä e ola hou ai ka æölelo Hawaiæi inä he nui nä manaæo o ka nohona kanaka i hiki æole ke hoæopuka æia ma ia æölelo?
I ka höæea mai o nä manaæo haole, a me ko läkou mau hua haole, ua hoæopuka nui æia ia mau manaæo e ka poæe o ia wä. I kekahi manawa, no ke æano æokoæa o ka puana æana a ka poæe Hawaiæi i ia mau hua haole, ua hoæoHawaiæi æia ka puana æana, a lilo maila ia i hua hou no ka æölelo Hawaiæi. Eia ke kapa æia nei i ka lawe Kahiki, æo ia hoæi, ua lawe æia mai kahi æë mai a hoæokomo æia i loko o ka æölelo Hawaiæi. I kekahi manawa naæe, ua hoæohana æia he hua Hawaiæi, a he mau hua Hawaiæi paha, no ka höæike æana i ia manaæo hou. He hana maikaæi nö ia, no ka mea, ua mälama æia kahi pilina ma waena o ia hua hou a me nä hua kahiko. æO ia hoæi, ua hoæohana æia nä hua i paæa i ka poæe kahiko no ka wehewehe æana i kahi manaæo hou.
I Pepeluali o këia makahiki, ua käkau au i æatikala no kekahi hana kolohe i kapa æia ma ka æölelo haole he “catfishing.” Ua paæa æë kekahi hua Hawaiæi no kahi iæa he “catfish,” æo ia hoæi æo “æoæopu päkë,” a no laila, æaæole küpono ia hua. æO këia “catfishing” hou, he hana kolohe ia e hana æia ana ma luna o ka pünaewele, no ka hana æino æana i kekahi kanaka. Maliæa, ua kapa æia i ke “catfishing,” no ka mea, ua like ia me ka hana kolohe æana i kahi pöpoki ma o ka hoæolewalewa æana i ke aho ma luna ona. E hoæäæo ana nö ua pöpoki nei e poæi i ia mea. Ua hiki paha ke kapa æia ia hana kolohe i ka lawaiæa pöpoki, eia naæe, æaæole paha e launa ia mau mea æelua. No laila, ua häpai au i ka hua æölelo “hoæopunihei.”
I ka P2 nei, ua hana kaæu papa i haæawina haku hua æölelo. Ua häpai æia kauwahi hua haole a ua hoæäæo mäkou e haku i mau hua Hawaiæi no ia mau mea. Eia mai kauwahi laæana, æo cloning, reality t.v., virus, autonomous vehicle, lube job, a pëlä aku. æAæohe hua Hawaiæi no ia mau mea. æO kekahi mea i loaæa æole kona hua Hawaiæi, æo ia nö ka “black hole.” æAuhea æoe e ka makamaka, pehea æo “puka æeleæele”? Noæu iho, æaæole küpono. He “calque” ia æano haku æana. Ma ka noiæi iki æana, æo ia kahi e hulihia ai ka lani, æo ia hoæi ka lole æana o ka lewa lipo. No laila, ua manaæo au e kapa aku i ia mea he lole lewa lipo. He nui a lehulehu nä mea hou o ke ao nei i loaæa æole ma ka æölelo Hawaiæi. æAæole paha e hiki ke æalo i ka haku æana i mau hua hou. E akahele naæe i ka unuhi häiki æana. æAæohe ola i laila. No laila, he aha kahi hua maikaæi no “calque”?
E ho‘ouna ‘ia mai na ä leka iä mäua, ‘o ia ho‘i ‘o Laiana Wong a me Kekeha Solis ma ka pahu leka uila ma lalo nei:
>> kwong@hawaii.edu
>> rsolis@hawaii.edu
a i ‘ole ia, ma ke kelepona:
>> 808-956-2627 (Laiana)
>> 808-956-2627 (Kekeha)
This column is coordinated by Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language at the University of Hawai‘i at Mänoa.
