Synopsis: As more and more speakers acquire the capacity to express their thoughts in Hawaiian, it is important to avoid calquing the English. With a little effort, we can find ways to indicate new ideas without being completely guided by English ways of thinking.
Aloha mai nō kākou e nā hoa ‘imi hua no ka ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i. Eia nō kākou ke ho‘ā‘o nei e ho‘opohala mai i ko kākou ‘ōlelo makuahine, ka mea nona ke ahi i ‘ane kinai loa ‘ia ma muli o kona ho‘okae ‘ia e ka ho‘okolonaio. Ua ‘ane make loa nō ho‘i a he kāka‘ikahi wale nō ka po‘e i koe i hiki ke kama‘ilio ma ona lā. He nui nā makahiki o ke emi ‘ana o ia ‘ōlelo, a kāka‘ikahi wale kona lohe ‘ia. ‘O nā hanauna e koe nei, ua ho‘oka‘awale ‘ia mai ia ‘ike aku, a ‘o kekahi, ‘a‘ohe wahi pa‘a iki o ko lākou ‘ōlelo makuahine. A i ka hala ‘ana o nā makahiki, he nui hewahewa nā mea hou o ka ‘āina, a ‘a‘ohe o lākou hua Hawai‘i e akāka ai. Aia wale nō ko lākou ho‘ākāka ‘ia a puka mai nā hua haole. Pehea lā e ola hou ai ka ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i inā he nui nā mana‘o o ka nohona kanaka i hiki ‘ole ke ho‘opuka ‘ia ma ia ‘ōlelo?
I ka hō‘ea mai o nā mana‘o haole, a me ko lākou mau hua haole, ua ho‘opuka nui ‘ia ia mau mana‘o e ka po‘e o ia wā. I kekahi manawa, no ke ‘ano ‘oko‘a o ka puana ‘ana a ka po‘e Hawai‘i i ia mau hua haole, ua ho‘oHawai‘i ‘ia ka puana ‘ana, a lilo maila ia i hua hou no ka ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i. Eia ke kapa ‘ia nei i ka lawe Kahiki, ‘o ia ho‘i, ua lawe ‘ia mai kahi ‘ē mai a ho‘okomo ‘ia i loko o ka ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i. I kekahi manawa na‘e, ua ho‘ohana ‘ia he hua Hawai‘i, a he mau hua Hawai‘i paha, no ka hō‘ike ‘ana i ia mana‘o hou. He hana maika‘i nō ia, no ka mea, ua mālama ‘ia kahi pilina ma waena o ia hua hou a me nā hua kahiko. ‘O ia ho‘i, ua ho‘ohana ‘ia nā hua i pa‘a i ka po‘e kahiko no ka wehewehe ‘ana i kahi mana‘o hou.
I Pepeluali o kēia makahiki, ua kākau au i ‘atikala no kekahi hana kolohe i kapa ‘ia ma ka ‘ōlelo haole he “catfishing.” Ua pa‘a ‘ē kekahi hua Hawai‘i no kahi i‘a he “catfish,” ‘o ia ho‘i ‘o “‘o‘opu pākē,” a no laila, ‘a‘ole kūpono ia hua. ‘O kēia “catfishing” hou, he hana kolohe ia e hana ‘ia ana ma luna o ka pūnaewele, no ka hana ‘ino ‘ana i kekahi kanaka. Mali‘a, ua kapa ‘ia i ke “catfishing,” no ka mea, ua like ia me ka hana kolohe ‘ana i kahi pōpoki ma o ka ho‘olewalewa ‘ana i ke aho ma luna ona. E ho‘ā‘o ana nō ua pōpoki nei e po‘i i ia mea. Ua hiki paha ke kapa ‘ia ia hana kolohe i ka lawai‘a pōpoki, eia na‘e, ‘a‘ole paha e launa ia mau mea ‘elua. No laila, ua hāpai au i ka hua ‘ōlelo “ho‘opunihei.”
I ka P2 nei, ua hana ka‘u papa i ha‘awina haku hua ‘ōlelo. Ua hāpai ‘ia kauwahi hua haole a ua ho‘ā‘o mākou e haku i mau hua Hawai‘i no ia mau mea. Eia mai kauwahi la‘ana, ‘o cloning, reality t.v., virus, autonomous vehicle, lube job, a pēlā aku. ‘A‘ohe hua Hawai‘i no ia mau mea. ‘O kekahi mea i loa‘a ‘ole kona hua Hawai‘i, ‘o ia nō ka “black hole.” ‘Auhea ‘oe e ka makamaka, pehea ‘o “puka ‘ele‘ele”? No‘u iho, ‘a‘ole kūpono. He “calque” ia ‘ano haku ‘ana. Ma ka noi‘i iki ‘ana, ‘o ia kahi e hulihia ai ka lani, ‘o ia ho‘i ka lole ‘ana o ka lewa lipo. No laila, ua mana‘o au e kapa aku i ia mea he lole lewa lipo. He nui a lehulehu nā mea hou o ke ao nei i loa‘a ‘ole ma ka ‘ōlelo Hawai‘i. ‘A‘ole paha e hiki ke ‘alo i ka haku ‘ana i mau hua hou. E akahele na‘e i ka unuhi hāiki ‘ana. ‘A‘ohe ola i laila. No laila, he aha kahi hua maika‘i no “calque”?
E ho‘ouna ‘ia mai na ā leka iā māua, ‘o ia ho‘i ‘o Laiana Wong a me Kekeha Solis ma ka pahu leka uila ma lalo nei:
>> kwong@hawaii.edu
>> rsolis@hawaii.edu
a i ‘ole ia, ma ke kelepona:
>> 808-956-2627 (Laiana)
>> 808-956-2627 (Kekeha)
This column is coordinated by Kawaihuelani Center for Hawaiian Language at the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
