AUSTIN, Texas >> Students in Uvalde went back to school today for the first time since a gunman killed 19 children and two teachers in a classroom attack that shocked the country and helped fuel passage of a landmark national law on gun violence.

Children began arriving at Uvalde Elementary before dawn, walking through newly installed 8-foot metal fencing that surrounds the campus and past a state trooper standing guard outside an entrance.

Colorful flags hung inside the hallways, and teachers wore turquoise shirts that read “Together We Rise & Together We Are Better” on the back. State troopers were parked on every corner outside the school.

The district announced in late June that the scene of the assault, Robb Elementary, would be permanently closed and eventually torn down, though a timeline has not been set. Fundraising is underway for the construction of a new elementary campus.

Ashley Morales planned to put her son, Jeremiah, back in class because she has no other choice as a working single mother. She said she would drop him off outside Uvalde Elementary because parents were not allowed inside.

“I’m just nervous, scared,” said Morales, whose son was a third grader last year at Robb Elementary and lost three friends in the May 24 massacre. During a recent “Meet the Teacher” night, she felt a rush of anxiety walking down the school hall.

“Oh my gosh, it’s actually going to happen,” she said. “School is going to start.”

Teachers hugged students climbing out of cars in the drop-off line and guided them toward a line of teachers who were waiting behind the fence.

“Good morning, sunshine!” one teacher could be heard saying. “You ready to have a good school year?”

Celeste Ibarra, 30, had a knot in her stomach as she got her 9- and 8-year-old children ready and kissed them goodbye. She used to believe students their age should not have cellphones, but after a summer of active-shooter drills she changed her mind.

“I was scared, just scared I won’t get them back,” Ibarra said, standing in her front yard across the street from Uvalde Elementary.

School started weeks ago in many parts of Texas, but district officials pushed back the first day of class in Uvalde after a summer of heartache, anger and revelations of widespread failures by law enforcement officers who allowed an 18-year-old gunman to fire inside adjoining fourth grade classrooms for more than 70 minutes.

Uvalde school officials said several enhanced security measures are still incomplete, including the installation of additional cameras and new locks.

The Texas Department of Public Safety has committed to putting nearly three dozen state troopers on Uvalde campuses. But that was of no comfort to some families since more than 90 state troopers were present during the attack.

For 10-year-old Gilbert Mata, who was wounded by a ricocheting bullet during the shooting, the sight of many police is a “trigger,” said his mother, Corina Camacho. He’s also frightened by the smell of things burning — a reminder of the acrid odor of gun smoke.

Mata was nervous but wanted to go back to class today. His stepfather, however, cannot shake the dread of what would happen if there were another shooting.

“Nothing is going to make me feel better,” said Michael Martinez. “Are the police officers going to shoot this time? Are they going to help or what? But nobody really knows. That’s why we said we’re going to take it day by day. Let them prove it to us that something has changed.”

More than 100 families in Uvalde signed up for virtual school, while others pulled their kids out of the district and enrolled them in private schools. One teacher who was shot in the abdomen and survived, Elsa Avila, is still recovering.

Just a few nights before the new school year was to begin, the Uvalde High School football team delivered a dramatic victory to the wounded community of about 15,000 people. More than 5,000 fans jammed into Honey Bowl Stadium to watch Uvalde prevail over C.C. Winn, a high school in nearby Eagle Pass, with Devon Franklin’s one-handed catch in the end zone with 12 seconds remaining.

A damning report by a Texas House committee found that nearly 400 officers in all rushed to Robb Elementary after the shooting but hesitated for more than hour to confront the shooter. Body camera and surveillance footage showed heavily armed officers, some holding bulletproof shields, stacked in the hallway but not advancing to the classroom.

Steve McCraw, head of the Texas Department of Public Safety, called the response “an abject failure.”

Last month, the Uvalde school board fired district police Chief Pete Arredondo, who McCraw and the House report accused of failing to take control of the scene and wasting time by looking for a key for a classroom door that was likely unlocked.

The firing has not quieted demands for others to face punishment. One other officer — Uvalde Lt. Mariano Pargas, the acting police chief that day — has been placed on administrative leave.

The shooting put new political pressure on Washington to act. The result was first major bipartisan law on gun violence in decades.

The measure signed by President Joe Biden in June included tougher background checks for the youngest gun buyers and help for states to put in place “red flag” laws that make it easier for authorities to take weapons from people adjudged dangerous.

Also tucked into the bill was a proposal that will make it more difficult for convicted domestic abusers to obtain firearms even when the abuser is not married to or doesn’t have a child with the victim.