WASHINGTON >> The first participant in a clinical trial for a vaccine to protect against the new coronavirus will receive an experimental dose today, according to a government official.

The National Institutes of Health is funding the trial, which is taking place at the Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute in Seattle. The official who disclosed plans for the first participant spoke on condition of anonymity because the move has not been publicly announced.

Public health officials say it will take a year to 18 months to fully validate any potential vaccine.

Testing will begin with 45 young, healthy volunteers with different doses of shots co-developed by NIH and Moderna Inc. There’s no chance participants could get infected from the shots, because they don’t contain the virus itself. The goal is purely to check that the vaccines show no worrisome side effects, setting the stage for larger tests.

Research groups around the world are racing to create a vaccine as COVID-19 cases continue to grow. They’re pursuing different types of vaccines — shots developed from new technologies that not only are faster to produce than traditional inoculations, but might prove more potent. Some researchers even aim for temporary vaccines, such as shots that might guard people’s health a month or two at a time.

Also in the works: Inovio Pharmaceuticals aims to begin safety tests of its vaccine candidate next month in a few dozen volunteers at the University of Pennsylvania and a testing center in Kansas City, Mo., followed by a similar study in China and South Korea.

Even if initial safety tests go well, “you’re talking about a year to a year and a half” before any vaccine could be ready for widespread use, according to Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

That still would be a record pace. But manufacturers know the wait — required because it takes additional studies of thousands of people to tell whether a vaccine truly protects and does no harm — is hard for a frightened public.

President Donald Trump has been pushing for swift action on a vaccine, saying in recent days that the work is “moving along very quickly” and that he hopes to see a vaccine “relatively soon.”

Today there are no proven treatments. Scientists in China have been testing a combination of HIV drugs against the new coronavirus, as well as an experimental drug named remdesivir in development to fight Ebola. In the U.S. the University of Nebraska Medical Center also began testing remdesivir in some Americans who were found to have COVID-19 after being evacuated from a cruise ship in Japan.

For most people the new coronavirus causes only mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough. For some, especially older adults and people with existing health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.