WASHINGTON » Facing lawmakers who suggested U.S. surveillance has gone too far, the national intelligence director today defended spying on foreign allies as necessary and said such scrutiny of America’s friends — and vice versa — is commonplace. He also said the collection of phone records that prompted outrage across the Atlantic actually was conducted with the help of European governments

Top intelligence officials testified that news reports that the National Security Agency had swept up millions of phone records in France, Spain and elsewhere were inaccurate and reflected a misunderstanding of "metadata" that was in fact collected by NATO allies and shared with the United States.

The nation’s post-Sept. 11 surveillance programs are coming under increased criticism at home and abroad, capped by recent revelations that the NSA monitored German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s cellphone and those of up to 34 other world leaders. Those reports relied on documents provided by former NSA analyst Edward Snowden.

Congressional leaders who have been staunch supporters of the NSA programs are now saying it is time for a close examination. The White House said today that President Barack Obama had ordered a full review of the programs and was considering changes.

National Intelligence Director James Clapper defended the secret surveillance that sweeps up phone records and emails of millions of Americans as vital to protecting against terrorists.

He played down European allies’ complaints about spying on their leaders, saying the allies do it, too.

"That’s a hardy perennial," Clapper told a House intelligence committee hearing.

He said during his 50 years working in intelligence it was "a basic tenet" to collect, whether by spying on communications or through other sources, confidential information about foreign leaders that reveals "if what they’re saying gels with what’s actually going on."

Committee Chairman Mike Rogers asked whether allies had conducted the same type of espionage against U.S. leaders. "Absolutely," Clapper responded.

Asked about collection of foreign phone records, the NSA’s director, Gen. Keith Alexander, testified that the U.S. did not collect European records alone, as was reported over the past week to an outcry of criticism across Europe.

Alexander said the U.S. was given data by NATO partners as part of a program to protect military interests. Alexander disputed that the program targeted European citizens, but did not offer specifics.

As for efforts at home, the intelligence leaders defended sweeping up records of U.S. phone calls as necessary to combat terrorism. The Obama administration vigorously opposes efforts to curtail the internal spying programs that have angered some Americans.

Rogers urged lawmakers not to scrap an important investigative tool.

"We can’t ask the FBI to find terrorists plotting an attack and then not provide them with the information they need," he said.

A bipartisan plan introduced today would end the NSA’s sweep of phone records, allowing the government to seek only records related to ongoing terror investigations. Critics both at home and abroad have criticized the current program as a violation of privacy rights.

Asked about the reports of eavesdropping on world leaders, Obama himself said in a Fusion network television interview that the U.S. government is conducting "a complete review of how our intelligence operates outside the country." He declined to discuss specifics or say when he learned about the spying on allies.

Another U.S. official said Obama did not know the NSA was monitoring Merkel’s communications until after his visit to Germany in June. That official said information about the surveillance of foreign leaders emerged in the course of the White House’s broader review of spying programs, triggered by media reports based on documents leaked by Snowden. The official was not authorized to discuss the matter by name and insisted on anonymity.

The White House says the United States isn’t currently listening to Merkel’s conversations and won’t do so in the future. Press secretary Jay Carney wouldn’t say whether the U.S. is monitoring the calls of other friendly leaders or whether Obama thinks that sort of surveillance of allies should go on.

In rare agreement, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., and House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, both said today that it was time for a thorough review of NSA programs.

Both have been strong supporters of the programs.

Sen. Dianne Feinstein, chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, called for a "total review of all intelligence programs" following the Merkel allegations.

Several longtime allies have joined Germany in expressing their displeasure about spying on their leaders.

Spain’s prosecutor’s office said today it had opened a preliminary inquiry to determine whether a crime was committed by NSA surveillance. French President Francois Hollande said the United States should not be eavesdropping on its allies but that U.S. officials were cooperating with Europe to fix the problem.

Belgian Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo’s office today confirmed a report in De Standaard that at his most sensitive meetings the premier now is asking government ministers to leave their mobile phones outside the room.

Associated Press writers Connie Cass, Donna Cassata and Kimberly Dozier in Washington, Frank Jordan, Geir Moulson and Robert H. Reid in Berlin, Juergen Baetz in Brussels, Ciaran Giles, Jorge Sainz and Alan Clendenning in Madrid and Sarah DiLorenzo in Paris contributed to this report.